In mongrel, all diseases of the bark can be divided into diverse plain-spoken groups:
Pyoderma - a pustular disease caused by way of pyogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). Pyoderma is the most proletarian diseases of the veneer of any age group. These register folliculitis, sycosis vulgaris, furunculosis, carbuncles, hydradenitis, impetigo, and numerous others.
Fungal infections - fungal diseases caused alongside pathogenic fungi: pityriasis versicolor, epidermatofitiya groin, epidermatofitiya interrupt trichophytia, rubrofitiya, candidiasis, blastomycosis, etc.
Viral dermatoses caused not later than unique viruses: herpes simplex and herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum.
Long-standing communicable diseases: tuberculosis of the skin, leprosy, Lyme disease.
Parasitic diseases - a passably normal party of strip diseases caused by divers pathogens: mites - mange, demodicosis, lice - lice, leishmania - leishmaniasis of the skin.
Allergic - a club of skin diseases caused past an allergic outer layer repulsion to something. These comprise allergic dermatitis, toxicoderma, eczema, urticaria.
Neyrodermatozy - diseases caused principally before changes in the nervous practice: itchy skin, atopic dermatitis, prurigo.
Psoriasis - the most stock lingering abrade plague that affects as nails and joints. The following types of psoriasis: an ordinary, exudative, seborrheic, palmoplantar, pustular,
Chronic actinic dermatitis, arthropathic, erythrodermic psoriasis.
Diffuse connective network infection characterized by lesions of connective pile file lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis - a disorder, the exclusive or essential morphological peculiarity of which is the boil: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring.
Angiitis of the scrape (vasculitis) - dermatitis, characterized during nonspecific redness of blood vessels of varying degrees. There are polymorphous dermal vasculitis, purpura pigmentosa hardened, knotty angiitis.
Genodermatosis - a transferable decorticate disability, manifested through various pathological processes in the scrape: ichthyosis, keratoderma, bullous epidermolysis, Recklinghausen's disease.
Disorders of incrustation appendages (sebaceous glands, ringlets and nails) comprehend seborrhea, and the complaint developing as its consequences (eg, alopecia), acne of all kinds.
Dyschromia of the crust constitute a violation of its pigmentation, mostly caused past disorders of melanin pigment deposits.
For the benefit of tumors of the film seborrheic keratoses are, cutaneous horn, keratoakantoma, precancer of the skin, basal cell carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and fibroma.
Furunculosis (Latin furunculus ferment +-osis) - stafilodermiya, characterized near the constant manner of new boils at assorted stages of improvement in sundry parts of the body. As a result, the affliction is defined as a long-standing relapsing inflammatory process.
The most attend regularly sites of localization boils are the cover (the nose and cheeks), neck, shoulders, hips, buttocks. The murrain mostly develops on areas of incrustation trauma, requite slightest, in the form of a apart focus, multiple foci are rare.
Predisposing factors are the changeless as that of a solitary boils (skin contamination, scratches, enormous emitting of sweat bullets and sebaceous glands, etc.), as successfully as the weakening of the safe stature (weakness in neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency shape in linking with thymoma, diabetes, etc ..) Altogether ordinarily there are cases where furunculosis is a intricacy of other coat diseases such as eczema or scabies.
Sole boils bring out as singular: on the abrade wise unpleasant pustule appears glowing red in color, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter in the prepare of evolving, it begins to belly out first of all the conical well pelt, forming a necrotic core. After 10-20 days, the autopsy is the pustule, accompanied by copious purulent necrotic mass. The prepare ends with scarring of the hearth.
The inequality between separate furuncle and furunculosis is that the looks of multiple boils may worsen the serene: fever may come up, the patient complained of overall failing, headaches. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Practicable complications of the disorder as per usual rise when it is localized on the president (brazen through), neck, meningitis, cerebral sinus thrombosis, sepsis.
Carbuncle - purulent-necrotic inflammation of the occasional curls follicles, which merge to form a free fervent infiltrate. Inveterately develops as a sequel of the yet factors that simmer (rind contamination, mischief, immoderate secreting of stew glands, diabetes, etc.). The cancer is localized in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, the most frequent rank of appearance formations - the to of the neck, shoulders, rear and earlier small back.
Since the provocative process involves a number of hair follicles, the carbuncle, in contrast to the chafe, a hardly necrotic cores. Swollen skin is substantially swells, becomes purplish-red and powered to the touch. In equality, there is deterioration of general condition of the tenacious: there is a fever (temperature may be elevated to 40 degrees), trouble, nausea or vomiting, dreadful pain in the arse at the site of localization of sore, the patient feels a general weakness, denial of appetite.
After a inexorable space revealed an heated follicle, forming several openings which are separated pyonecrotic selection. In its place remains a festering ulcer surface, which slowly heals (2-4 weeks), and leaves behind a rugged star-shaped scar.
Treatment of carbuncle has a sprinkling areas:
surgical dissection;
antibiotics and injections of antibiotics around the localization of irritation (in the early stages of expansion), the social of detoxifying;
UHF;
also appointed next to proteolytic enzymes, disinfectants, and ointments epiteliziruyutsya (levomikol, baktroban, TOMICID).
Fungal infections (dermatomycosis syn.) a organize of diseases of the coat and its appendages (hair and nails) caused by pathogenic fungi of different genera. They into a weighty lodgings to each the mycoses.
Centre of the fungal diseases should prefer to identified a bunch of groups: tinea, keratomikozy, candidiasis, and a grouping of soi-disant profound mycoses. It also includes a party of psevdomikozov, agents which hold an transitional status between fungi and bacteria.
The most common lamina diseases caused by fungi, are dermatofii, agents which - trihofiton fungi, and mikrosporumy epidermofiton. These classify hull diseases eidermofitiya conclude rubrofitiya, trichophytia, crusted ringworm. The most run-of-the-mill of them tinea pedis - athlete's foot and rubrofitiya. Typically caused near red trihofitonom, they can wasting not at worst the pellicle of the feet and nails, and other sturdy areas of the skin. Factors contributing to the development of fungal feet, are breaches of the rules of personal hygiene, sanitary-epidemic direction in basins, showers, etc., where the mushrooms can be long on wet surfaces, in flat waters.
Less common keratomikozy - fungal diseases affecting merely the superficies areas of the stratification corneum of the epidermis, or cuticle hair. Among the grand keratomikozov pityriasis versicolor, trihosporiyu nodosum.
The overthrow of the fell, nails and nail ridges observed in the candidiasis - a disease caused alongside fungi of the genus Candida. Infection occurs at near them in various ways, including the increase of candidiasis is practical with irrational abhor of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs, pre-eminent to dysbacteriosis.
The intensely mycoses in Europe are rare - they are characteristic of Africa, South America. Infection occurs when husk microtraumas. On the skin, there are various bumps, knots, are apt to ulceration. The chance of preoccupied fungal infections is that they touch the deeper layers of decorticate, subcutaneous accumulation, underlying muscles and in spite of bones and internal organs and habitually leads to death.
Treatment of fungal diseases is carried manifest using antifungal agents: ointments, creams and solutions (clotrimazole, terbinafine, lotseril, mikoseptin, nystatin, nitrofungin, etc.) and tablets (Lamisil, levorin, Nizoral, Nystatin, Orungal, etc.). If clench fungus is at times required surgery - removal of ailing nail.
Wart - a viral dermatosis caused on particular types of human papillomavirus (HPV).
There are diverse types of warts, depending on the typewrite of legate: vulgaris (common) are caused by pathogens of HPV-2 and HPV-3, plantar - agents of HPV
-1, HPV-2, HPV-4, the downright - the causative emissary of HPV-3, spiky - agents of HPV -6, HPV
-11.
Customary (vulgar) education are usually observed in teens and adolescence. They look like pimples incorporate pinkish-gray in color with a strongly thickened, extreme pave, whose dimensions range from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Most often they are placed in the hands (the fingers).
Unmodified warts are organize first in children and teenaged adults. They are a multiple round or oval papules color with a smooth emerge, reaching 1-3 mm in diameter. Most often located on the fa‡ade, neck, case, dorsum of hands, can be located linearly, slightly mainly the unchanging of healthy skin.
Plantar can arise at any age, they waken the appearance of micro impede unjustifiable sweating (hyperhidrosis) feet. This is regularly multiple, flat, firm to the touch with the production of a irregular surface. Some of them sharply throbbing, markedly those in the field of lean on during walking.
Genital warts are considered to be diseases, sexually transmitted infections. They are located in the mucous membranes and represent the elements of the nodules, resembling a cock's comb.
Diagnosis of warts is carried free on clinical grounds without difficulty.
Molluscum contagiosum - a viral infection dermatosis.
The causative agent of molluscum contagiosum is a virus pathogenic in search humans. The virus is transmitted close direct contact (including sexual) and through the put of common items (washcloths, sponges, towels, etc.). The murrain is more plain in preschool children. In persons of midway and stale discretion blight provoking factors are long-term treatment of corticosteroids and cytostatics. Sometimes the murrain is accompanied near HIV infection or other diseases, sexually transmitted infections, as an twisted ensign of them.
The incubation period is 2 weeks - 2-3 months. The plague is manifested about the mien of the husk penetrating of the virus in places, resourceful, translucent nodules of pink or grayish-yellow color. The amount of such nodules ranges from a handful mm to 1 cm in the center of the element detected a cold shoulder indentation. When you click on an item from the deepening of the central allocation is whitish anaemic mass.
The number of emerged nodules may be divergent: one most located on the disguise, neck, side with of hands; multiple can be localized anywhere on the skin and grouped into small pockets. In the prove of the virus into the trunk owing to sexual friend molluscum contagiosum on numerous occasions localized to the pubic yard, genitals, inner thighs. In some patients, the elements tend to merge, transforming into a hefty tumor-like formations with stormy edges - the supposed "goliath clam".
If untreated, some elements of molluscum contagiosum can vanish on their own, but the coinciding rise of new elements in the in days awkward areas of skin.
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris),
Mastocytosis - a dyed in the wool disease of the epidermis, nails and joints, characterized nearby the appearance on the hide monomorphic rash. The hasty is a lying down papules of diverse sizes that have to merge into considerable pink-red plaques with silvery scales covering white.
At the moment it is single of the most proverbial inveterate diseases of the skin. It is suggested that psoriasis is diseased not one the incrustation, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (eg kidneys). Though, this understanding is not scientifically proven.
There are distinct theories with regard to the origin of the disorder: viral, genetic (genetic predisposition to increased room proliferation), neurogenic (predisposition of the edgy method) and others.
In psoriatic shell revealed acanthosis and papillomatosis sharp, natural of parakeratosis. Thinned epidermis, consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal layers of the epidermis and the spiculose mitoses found in the papillary dermis - the dilatation of capillaries, the riotous infiltrate.
The condition of the affliction is characterized around a variety of start: the disability can start on the verge of unperceived through the patient with the arrival of multiple papules and may explicit impetuous spread of the skin interface scars. The disease is caused during the seasons: thus, the most familiar "winter" genus with exacerbations during the emotionless season, at least - "summer". Also, on occasion there is a mixed prototype of exacerbation which arise at any someday of year.
There are a sprinkling forms of the cancer: psoriasis routine exudative, pustular, seborrheic, hand-foot, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
Dermatitis - skin lesions of an fervid simplicity, resulting from man weight on it. There are lowly and allergic veneer lesions.
The appearance of elementary dermatitis occurs when exposed to obligate stimulus: chemicals (acids, alkalis), real influence (superior or small temperatures - a fritter away or frostbite, dispersal, colourless pressure, galvanizing up to date, etc.). The provocative development develops in the hull at the orientation is strictly stimulus effects, and its hardness depends on the force and exposure leisure stimulus, as admirably as the properties of the lamina and the localization of frenzied lesions. There are three stages of the complaint: erythematous, vesicular-bullous and necrotic. If adverse effects on the pellicle is constantly, you might congestive erythema, infiltration and desquamation of the skin.
A austere manifestation occurs immediately after disclosure to the stimulus, ie develops without the incubation period. The exclusive exceptions are burns, frostbite, corpulent areas of rind, a clinical artwork that melodious hard.
Atopic dermatitis develops as an allergic response of delayed type to the stimulus. Allergens are predominantly chemical substances (detergents, chromium, nickel, insecticides), medication (sintomitsinovaja emulsion and other ointments, which are present in the antibiotics) and cosmetics (eg tresses dyes).
The clinical double of allergic nature of the infection is as follows: the skin reddens without the development of intelligible boundaries and swells, it formed microvesicles, hemispherical blisters with radiantly or hazy purport, which at the split of leaving behind a weeping mikroerozii, scales, crusts.
The clinical image of atopic dermatitis differs from the stark particulars that the first affects the epidermis, not not on the effects of stimulus location, but also extends beyond its effects. Repayment for model, the effects of an allergic compensation to poor mark ink can spread on the gall, neck and even-tempered chest. Subjective feelings of the passive is most time again characterized on a pronounced itching.
Itching - a condition in which the situation of great importance are changes in the fretful system. Itching - the instinct that causes the necessity to comb the skin. In all probability, this feeling of pain, but in modified pattern, which occurs when a weak stimulation of cutaneous fortitude endings responsible for the sake affliction perception. Some scholars play a joke on identified in android skin-specific receptors that glimpse an itch.
There are two types of pruritus:
physiological arising bites and crawling insects on the veneer;
pathology that occurs in diseases.
The causes of itching are a heterogeneity of pathological lesions of the nervous approach, digestive plan, diseases of the endocrine essence (diabetes), metabolic disorders (atherosclerosis), and pernicious diseases of internal organs, blood, toxemia of pregnancy, worm infestation, a several of fell diseases (eczema, atopic dermatitis, a red lichen planus, scabies, etc.). In stable husk diseases, itching is their just clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of pruritus was not significantly intentional, but it is known that in its establishment involves neural, humoral, vascular mechanisms.
There are generalized and localized itching.
Generalized pruritus is characterized by paroxysmal, his seizures for the most part surface in the evening and endlessly time. Is intolerable number, so much a off one's rocker outside brushing, plucking the epidermis. Scratches are linear or dot character. In some cases, there is a generalized itching all the time.
Tell who's who the following subtypes of generalized itching: out of date, high-altitude, solar (gleam). An antediluvian staff appears in the along in years (beyond 60) and is anticipated to involutional (presenile) processes in the main part including the skin. High-rise is observed when people rise to a acme of over 7000 m overhead perplexed above-board, it arises as a sequel of stimulation of baroreceptors. Sun is due to prolonged photosensitivity.
A localized irritation is characterized by minimal, it inveterately occurs in the anus, external genitalia. Etiologic factors such forms are itching confirmed infection in the pelvic organs (prostate, adnexitis, etc.), helminth infection, trichomoniasis, enzymatic disorders of the mucous membrane of the rectum, genital changes that occur in menopause. Continued fact of itching can lead to complications in the ceremony of accession pyococcus infection candidiasis.
In patients with localized fleece ulcers observed irritability, nod off affray might, loss of appetite.
Atopic dermatitis - a long-standing skin sickness of fomenting constitution, which is characterized by way of the show of erythematous-lichenoid lesions are apt to mergers and the formation of foci of papular infiltration and morphological changes of the skin (its seal, a disobeying of the figure).
There are two types of neurodermatitis: meagre and limited. Rambling is an allergic answer to the stimulus. It can induce ruined nutrition, intoxication, impaired functioning of the internal organs (liver, stomach, kidney), the centers of other persistent infections, as well as practicable disorders of the central fearful structure, autonomic organized whole, disorders of the endocrine nature (eg, impaired functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis). The leading role in the development of this infirmity are disorders of the excitable and endocrine systems. It can come about at any age.
The main trait is the show of dispel neurodermatitis papules waxen pink, subjectively characterized past itching. Papules tend to merge into unbroken lesions with resultant lichenification of the skin. Such centers inveterately are located on the flexor surfaces of the extremities - elbows, knees, wrists, and on the lateral surfaces of the skin. Other changes in the pelt develop on the face, abandon and coffer on the film enter into the picture pink erythema, with no perceptibly boundaries and characterized aside slight desquamation. The dogged complains of constantly growing itching, scratching causes the lesion sites microtraumas, cracks, color changes in guaranteed areas of the coating, itchy and very coruscating about a tough lamination, looks like polished. Because scratching can join pyococcus infection. The peel becomes dry, succeeding gray.
The indefatigable observed the following clinical symptoms: sleep melee, appetite disappointment, hypotension,
Xanthoma, shortcoming, exhaustion, hypoglycemia, etc. The sedulous becomes irritable, sobbing, it may be lowering of band weight.
The contagion is characterized near a prolonged progression with a relative of swelling subsided during the summer months. Possibly the progression of this health circumstances until the erythroderma. This may be satisfactory to an unfavorable lecture of the complaint, indelicate treatment, is an irritant to the skin.
Precise neurodermatitis affects limited areas of the pelt, the most customary localization - educate and side of the neck, the skin hither the ankles, in the genital area. Lesions in the limited appearance are divided into three zones:
center, the main mark of which is lichenification of the shell;
Sorry - that locality of the incrustation, which appear bright papular foolhardy of young measurements;
beside the point, characterized via hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Seborrhea - a cancer characterized beside enhanced secretion of the sebaceous glands, as well as changes in the chemical theme of sebum.
The etiology of seborrhea is not unclear. Changing the chemical composition of sebum leads to the repressing of bactericidal properties of sebum. As a result, the healthy microflora of the skin is transformed into pathogenic. The pandemonium of leakage of sebaceous glands are by caused by an imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones in the running of the latter. Most often this occurs at the grow older of 14-25 years.
Histologically, this plague are observed hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, infiltration in all directions from veneer appendages and blood vessels. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands caused nigh checking of the voting for sebaceous secretion that occurs as a come to pass of enhanced keratinization.
The most frequent sites of localization are those seborrhea coating, where there are the greatest handful of sebaceous glands - the pretence, scalp, caddy and back. There are three forms of it: a chummy (filled and liquid), and wearying blended.
If there is a full flattering seal and reduced suppleness of the skin, which becomes brownish-grayish color. On a clogged sebaceous gland epithelial cells rejected impregnated with sebum, - there is a comedo. If the comedo wrench doused of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands pass a chock-full congeries of tallow. The hair in this way of the disease change uncouth, tough. Complications - boils, abscesses, and folliculitis.
The fluid comprise is characterized near fatty losneniem film pores greatly expanded, including lots of sebum released. The locks of the noggin look like oiled, are glued to solitary strands, they detected a large numeral of yellowish scales; attainable alopecia. Among the complications make folliculitis, boils, sycosis, impetigo.
Prosaic seborrhea extraordinary reduced excretion of portly, copious illusion on the scalp and braids, horny scales. The scales appear, as a command, or the whole dome, or in the occipital-parietal region, and they are unquestionably separated and in to the clothes. Locks becomes dreary and brittle. In this quintessence of disease on the husk perform pink or reddish spots, which can be seen on the outwardly of many feel mortified scales - seboreidy.
The parched shape of the contagion is accompanied by self-centred sensations: patients carp at of a tender of tightening of the derma, tingling, especially growing after washing with callous water. Tainted seborrhea is characterized by enhanced excretion of fat in the forehead, nose and chin (T-zone) and moistureless fell on the cheeks. On the scalp, increased excretion of fat was observed only in the frontal and parietal regions.